When to plant cauliflower in Toronto

Cauliflower is cold-hardy, so every date keys off Toronto's frost dates of May 3.
Step 1 · Sow
Start seeds indoors
Mar 22 – Apr 12
Before your last frost, on a warm windowsill or heat mat.
Step 2 · Plant
Transplant outdoors
Apr 25 – May 16
Once frost risk has passed and nights stay mild.
Step 3 · Harvest
Harvest window
Jun 24 – Jul 19
Picking runs until conditions turn against the crop.
Step 4 · Second sowing
Autumn / second sowing
Jun 18 – Jul 2
A second window for a fall crop, timed to mature before the first frost.
Step 5 · Second harvest
Autumn crop harvest
Aug 24 – Sep 18
Maturity window for the second sowing.
Window
Days to maturity
60 – 85 d
Toronto's 160-day season leaves this much room.
Cauliflower on Toronto's growing year
Frost-bounded season with crops mapped onto the 12-month axis.
Frost risk Growing Harvest
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
MAY 3
OCT 12

Common questions

When will cauliflower be ready to harvest in Toronto?

Expect to harvest from around late June (Jun 24–Jul 19) in Toronto, based on its local frost dates. Confidence 75%.

When should I start cauliflower seeds indoors in Toronto?

Start seeds indoors around late March (Mar 22–Apr 12) in Toronto, based on its local frost dates. Confidence 79%.

When can I transplant cauliflower outdoors in Toronto?

Transplant outdoors around late April (Apr 25–May 16) in Toronto, based on its local frost dates. Confidence 81%.

Can I plant cauliflower in autumn in Toronto?

Yes — Toronto supports a second, autumn sowing of cauliflower around mid June (Jun 18–Jul 2), timed to mature before the first fall frost.

How long is the growing season in Toronto?

Toronto has roughly 160 frost-free days, which is enough time to grow cauliflower to maturity outdoors.

The rule of thumb

Sow cauliflower as soon as the soil is workable — it tolerates cool weather and light frost. Every date on this page is derived from that rule and Toronto's frost dates.

Confidence 83/100 · Curated · based on NOAA GHCN-Daily 1991–2020 normal · frost dates are probabilities, not guarantees.